Ulwazi Lokuhlunga
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1. Imininingwane Yokuhlanza Umoya Ongaphakathi Komugqa we-Sterile Grade Filter Cartridge
Izihlungi zokususa amabhaktheriya zidinga ukuhlanzwa ngomusi ukuze kukhiqizwe ngokuphepha ezimbonini zemithi, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwazo kwezinto ezihlukene ze-polymer ephezulu, ukuhlanza ngomusi kufanele kulandele izinqubo ezinjengalezi ezingezansi ngokuqinile, kungenjalo izihlungi zizolimala kalula.
Izinqubo Zokuhlanza Umoya Ngomusi Eziku-inthanethi:
1). Vala ngokuphelele ivalvu yokuphuma, vula kancane ivalvu yokungena ukuze ulungise ingcindezi yomusi ku-0.1-0.13 Mbar.
2). Vula kancane ivalvu yokuphuma bese uvala leyo valve lapho umusi uqala ukuphuma, ubambe imizuzu engama-30 ku-0.1MPa.
(Qaphela: Ungalivuli ngokuphelele ivalvu yokuphuma, ngoba umusi omkhulu uzolimaza isihlungi ngokushisa okuphezulu)
3). Uma umugqa wokubulala amagciwane usuqediwe, faka umoya ocacile noma i-N2 ngokushesha ohlelweni, gcina ingcindezi iku-0.02 Mpa ngaphezu kwengcindezi yomusi.
4). Uma ubamba kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-100℃, khulisa umfutho womoya ukuze upholise ikhatriji yesihlungi.
5). Uma ikhatriji yesihlungi imanzi kakhulu ukuthi ingagelezwa kalula ngumusi, sidinga ukuhwamukisa amanzi esihlungini kuqala ngomfutho ophansi womusi, bese siwandisa afinyelele kumfutho oceliwe wokuhlanza lapho umusi uphuma kuvalvu yokuphuma.
Amanothi Abalulekile:
a) Lawula ngokuqinile ingcindezi yomusi, uyigcine ku-0.13Mpa uma uhlanza.
b) Umusi osetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane kufanele ungabi nokujiya, okuzogeleza nge-membrane bese kuwulimaza ngokushisa okuphezulu.
c) Kufanele kusetshenziswe izindlela ezanele zokukhipha amanzi anomswakama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umusi awunawo umswakama lapho uhlanzwa.
d) Ukupholisa uhlelo lokuhlunga kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile, indlela ekahle ukuvala ama-valve nokugcina ingcindezi iphola ngokwemvelo, noma ngokusho kwesinyathelo 3 esingenhla. Umoya ocindezelekile kakhulu namanzi abandayo akuvunyelwe ukulimaza ikhatriji yokuhlunga ngokungasebenzi kahle.
e) Ekuhlanzeni, lungisa kancane ivalvu yokuphuma ukuze ulawule ingcindezi yomehluko engaphansi kuka-0.12Mpa.
f) Ukuhlolwa kobuqotho kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlungi asonakali ngemva kokuhlanza ngomusi.
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2. Ukuhlolwa Kobuqotho
Izihlungi kufanele ziqinisekiswe ubuqotho besakhiwo ngaphambi nangemva kokusetshenziswa, izindlela ezintathu: ukuhlolwa kwephuzu lebhamuza, ukuhlolwa kokusabalalisa kanye nokuhlolwa kokungena kwamanzi kungasetshenziswa ngokwe-GMP. Uketshezi olumanzisa luyizinto ezijwayelekile (amanzi, utshwala, njll.) noma uketshezi olucutshungulwayo.
1. Isimiso: Inani lokuhlola ubuqotho litholakala ngendlela yezibalo, ngokuya ngomehluko wokucindezeleka kobuso noma ezinye izilinganiso zomzimba zoketshezi oluhlukene.
2. Izinhlobo zokuhlunga ezitholiwe:
Izihlungi ze-membrane (micron
Izihlungi zokususa ulwelwesi lwamagciwane
Izihlungi zokususa i-virus ze-membrane
Izihlungi zomoya ezithinta amanzi
3. Izinto zokuhlola: iphuzu lebhamuza, ukusabalala, ukubamba ingcindezi noma ukuhlolwa kokungena kwamanzi;
4. Indlela yokuxhuma
Ukuhlolwa kwesihlungi sekhatriji:
Ukuhlolwa kwesihlungi sepuleti:
5. Izinqubo zokuhlola ubuqotho
a. Manzisa ikhatriji yesihlungi noma ulwelwesi ngoketshezi olufanele
b. Xhuma umhloli wobuqotho nomthombo womoya kanye nomthombo wamandla, bese uxhuma nendlu yesihlungi.
c. Qala umhloli wobuqotho, inqubo yokuhlola yokufaka kanye nedatha;
d. Faka ikhatriji noma ulwelwesi lwesihlungi olumanzi esibayeni, thola ngokuzenzakalelayo bese unquma imiphumela.
6. Amanothi Okuhlola Ubuqotho
1). Isimo sokusebenza:
a. Amandla: 100-240 V, 50/60Hz, 1.6A;
b. Izidingo zomthombo womoya: umoya ocacile, oshisayo, oshisayo, ocindezelwe ongenawo uwoyela noma i-N2,
c. Umfutho womoya:
d. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza: 5-40℃;
e. Umswakama ohlobene: 20~80%
2). Ukugcinwa
a. Hambisa ngokucophelela;
b. Zinzisa i-voltage yamandla;
c. Qinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuqina komoya kanye nengcindezi;
d. Gcina ithuluzi lihlanzekile;
e. Gwema uketshezi olungena entweni yangaphakathi;
f. Linganisa inzwa yokucindezela njalo, Xhumana nomhlinzeki wezinsimbi;
g. Uma ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, faka isihloli sobuqotho besihlungi emabhokisini, bese uyigcina endaweni eyomile.
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3. Ungayikhetha Kanjani Isihlungi Ngokufanele?
Igama
Izici Eziyinhloko
Izicelo
I-Cellulose Exubile
①i-porosity ephezulu, amandla okugcina amahle,
②Ayimelani nesinyibilikisi se-organic, i-asidi enamandla kanye notshwala be-alkaline
③Isebenza kahle kakhulu
①Ukususwa kwamagciwane noma izinhlayiya ngeqembu elincane noma elebhu
②Ukunqunywa kwe-E.coli emanzini
Ulwelwesi oluyi-③2 um kanye nolwelwesi oluyi-5 um lungasetshenziswa ekuhlungeni uphethiloli
Inayiloni (i-polyamide)
Ukunamathela kwemvelo emanzini, ukumelana notshwala be-alkaline kanye nesinyibilikisi se-organic, ikakhulukazi i-Ketone, i-Ester, ne-Ether ①ukususwa kwezinhlayiya noma amagciwane
②ukuhlunga kwe-photoresist embonini ye-elekthronikhi
③izinhlobo zokuhlunga i-solvent kanye nemithi
I-Nitrocellulose
Ukunamathela kahle kwamanzi, ukumuncwa kwamaprotheni amaningi, ukumelana ne-keton, i-asidi enamandla nama-alkaline ①Isiko lamagciwane kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha kanye nokuxilongwa,
②Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA, i-RNA hybridization kanye nokuqinisekiswa
③ukutholwa kwe-scintillation yoketshezi, ukulungiswa kwe-radioactive tracer.
④I-Electrophoresis, ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zokulandelela, njll.
I-acetate yeseli
Ukunamathela kahle kwamanzi, ukumuncwa kwamaprotheni aphansi, ukumelana ne-keton, i-asidi enamandla nama-alkaline ①Ifanele ukuhlunga izixazululo zamafutha eziphansi, utshwala obunamafutha
②Ukulinganisa izingxenye ezikhethekile
I-microfiber yengilazi
Izinga lokugeleza eliphezulu kanye nokumelana nokushisa, ukumuncwa okuhle kwe-colloid, uwoyela kanye nezinhlayiya. ①ukuqapha ukungcoliswa komoya
②Ukuhlunga kwama-molecule amakhulu ebhayoloji
③ukuhlunga kwangaphambili
I-Polypropylene
ukumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokushayisana, i-micropore esakazeke ngokulinganayo. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi kumjovo, uketshezi lomlomo, iwayini, isiphuzo, amanzi, ukuhlunga umoya, njll. I-Polyethersulfone Ukuphuma okuphezulu, ukumuncwa kwamaprotheni aphansi, ukuhambisana kahle kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuqina kokushisa, amandla aphezulu okusebenza, ancibilikayo ezinyibilikisini ze-polar (i-Chloroform, i-Acetone, njll.) ①Imithi: I-LVP, i-SVP, i-Serum, njll.
②Ukudla: Iziphuzo, amawayini, njll. ukuhlunga okungapheli
③Ukuhlunga amanzi okuphelela kwe-Ultrapure
I-Polyvinylidene Fluoride
①Ulwelwesi olungenawo umoya
②Ukuqina okuhle
③Isilinganiso sokugeleza esincane nesiphezulu
④Ukuhambisana kwamakhemikhali okubanzi
⑤Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu (-40-260℃)
⑥ Phendukela kulwelwesi oluthanda amanzi ngokwelashwa ngotshwala
①Susa izinhlayiya ukuze uthuthukise izinga lotshwala, i-asidi, i-alkane, ama-aromatic kanye nezinyibilikisi ze-hydrocarbon ezine-halogenated, njll.
②Ukuhlunga okungcolile komoya ekuvuthweni
③Ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlanzwa kwamaprotheni okungaqondile
④Ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo samanzi, ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha
I-Polytetrafluoroethylene
Ukumelana ne-alkaline enamandla, i-asidi kanye nokushisa okuphezulu (-40-260℃), une-membrane engabonakali emanzini kanye ne-membrane efihla amanzi ①I-hydrophilic: Ukucaciswa kwama-asidi aqinile kanye nama-alkali, Ukuhlunga ama-reagent amakhemikhali akhethekile
②Ukungathandi amanzi: ukuhlunga okungcolile komoya/igesi
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4. Isikhathi Senkonzo Yekhatriji Yesihlungi Side Kangakanani?
Ngezansi isikhathi sokushintsha i-cartridge yesihlungi, noma yikuphi okwenzeka kuqala.
1). Ikhatriji yesihlungi yehluleka ekuhlolweni kobuqotho.
2). Ingcindezi yomehluko ibingaphezu kwamabha ama-2.
3). Izinga lokugeleza alikwazanga ukuhlangabezana nesicelo sokukhiqiza.
4). Isikhathi sokuphila esiqinisekisiwe sesevisi sesifinyelelwe.
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5. Indlela Yokulondoloza Ikhatriji Yokuhlunga Imininingwane Yokuhlanza Umusi Ongaphakathi Kwekhatriji Yokuhlunga Engenasiphene
Ikhatriji yesihlungi kufanele ipakishwe kahle ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa (ikhatriji yesihlungi esingenamagciwane idinga ukupakishwa nge-vacuum), bese igcinwa endaweni epholile, ehlanzekile, neyomile, gwema ukukhanya kwelanga, imvula, noma umthombo wokushisa;
Ikhatriji yesihlungi idinga ukuhlanzwa futhi ihlanzwe ngemva kokusetshenziswa, bese ifakwa kwisisombululo esisha se-5% NaCl ukuze igcinwe isikhashana noma yomiswe ukuze igcinwe isikhathi eside.
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6. Indlela Eyomile Yekhatriji Yokuhlunga
Yomisa ngokuphelele ikhatriji yesihlungi kuhhavini kagesi owomisa ku-55℃ ~ 60 amahora angama-24 noma isikhathi eside, kuze kube yilapho ikhwalithi yekhatriji yesihlungi ishintsha ngaphansi kuka-1% ngehora eli-1.
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7. Ithebula Lokuhambisana Kwamakhemikhali
Igama Lekhemikhali
Inayiloni I-PES I-PP UMfumfu I-PVDF I-Silicone I-Viton I-EPDM Utshwala
I-Pentanol R R R R R Cha. R R Utshwala be-Benzyl R R R R R I-LR R R I-Butanol R R R R R Cha. Cha. Utshwala be-Ethyl R R R R R R I-LR R I-Isopropanol R R R R R R Cha. R Utshwala beMethyl R R R R R R -- R I-ether ye-Diethyl R R I-LR R R I-LR Cha. Cha. Ama-Ether
Ama-ether e-Isopropyl --- --- R R R Cha. Cha. Cha. I-Dioxane --- R R R Cha. Cha. I-Tetrahydrofuran R Cha. I-LR I-LR I-LR Cha. Cha. R I-Hydrocarbon Enuka Kahle
I-Benzene I-LR I-LR Cha. I-LR I-LR Cha. R Cha. I-Methylbenzene Cha. I-LR Cha. I-LR I-LR Cha. R Cha. I-Xylene I-LR I-LR Cha. I-LR I-LR Cha. R Cha. Ama-Glycol
I-Ethylidene Glycol R R R R R R R R I-Glycerin R R R R R R R R I-Propylene Glycol Cha. R R R R R R I-Halocarbon
I-Tetrachloromethane I-LR I-LR I-LR I-LR I-LR Cha. R Cha. I-Trichloromethane I-LR Cha. I-LR I-LR I-LR Cha. R Cha. I-ethylene dichloride I-LR Cha. I-LR I-LR I-LR Cha. I-LR I-LR I-TF Freon R R I-LR R R Cha. R Cha. I-TMC Freon I-LR Cha. I-LR I-LR I-LR Cha. I-LR Cha. I-Dichloromethane I-LR Cha. I-LR I-LR I-LR Cha. I-LR Cha. I-Perchloroethylene --- I-LR I-LR I-LR I-LR Cha. R Cha. I-Trichloro ethylene I-LR I-LR I-LR Cha. Cha. Cha. R Cha. Ama-asidi
I-Acetic acid Cha. R R R I-LR Cha. I-LR I-Hydrochloric acid (eqinile) Cha. I-LR R R R Cha. R I-LR I-Hydrochloric acid (6N) Cha. -- R R R Cha. R I-LR I-nitrate (eqinile) Cha. Cha. R R R I-LR I-LR Cha. I-Nitrate (6N) Cha. --- R R R I-LR R Cha. i-phosphoric acid (Eqinile) Cha. --- R R R Cha. R Cha. I-sulfate (eqinile) Cha. Cha. R R R Cha. R Cha. I-asidi ye-hydrofluoric (6N) Cha. --- Cha. R R Cha. -- Cha. I-Ester
I-Amyl Acetate I-LR -- R R Cha. Cha. R i-n-Butyl Acetate I-LR --- I-LR R R Cha. Cha. R I-Acetic Ether I-LR I-LR I-LR R R Cha. R I-Methyl Acetate I-LR Cha. R R -- Cha. R I-Isopropyl Acetate -- R R R R I-LR Cha. R Isisekelo
I-Ammonium Hydroxide (3N) R R R R R R R R I-Ammonium hydroxide (6N) R R R R R R I-LR I-LR I-Potassium Hydroxide (3N) R R R R R I-LR R R I-Sodium Hydroxide (3N) R R R R R R R R I-Sodium Hydroxide(6N) R R R R R R R I-LR Amafutha
Amafutha embewu kakotini R -- --- R R R R I-LR Amafutha Okugcoba R Cha. R R R R R R Amafutha e-Peanut R --- R R R R R I-LR Amafutha e-Sesame R Cha. R R R R R R I-Ketone
I-Acetone R Cha. R R R Cha. Cha. R I-Cyclohexanone --- Cha. R R R Cha. Cha. R I-Methyl Ethyl Ketone I-LR -- R R R Cha. Cha. R I-Methyl Isobutyl Ketone I-LR Cha. R R R Cha. Cha. I-LR Abanye
I-Phenylamine I-LR Cha. I-LR I-LR R Cha. R R I-Dimethylformamide R Cha. R R R R Cha. R I-Formaldehyde 37% R R R R R R Cha. R I-Formaldehyde 4% R R R R R R R R Uphethiloli R R R R R Cha. R R I-Hexane -- I-LR I-LR I-LR I-LR Cha. R Cha. Uphethroli -- R R R R Cha. R Cha. I-Phenol R Cha. R R Cha. Cha. I-Turpentine -- R I-LR R R Cha. R Cha. Amanzi R R R R R R R R I-Acetonitrile I-LR R I-LR R R -- Cha. R I-Molybdenum Sulfate R -- R R R R -- R 2) Qaphela:
3) Leli shadi lihloselwe ukubhekisela kuphela.
R=Imelana Nezimo, LR= Imelana Nezimo Ezilinganiselwe, NR=Imelana Nezimo, --=Ayivivinywa.